高级搜索

双低空急流背景下广西沿海一次暖区暴雨的形成机制

Formation mechanisms of a warm-sector rainstorm over coastal Guangxi under a double low-level jet background

  • 摘要: 2026年4月27日广西沿海发生一次暖区暴雨过程,导致严重灾情。利用常规气象观测、地面气象站、S波段双偏振雷达、风廓线雷达及ERA5再分析等资料,分析该过程的降水特征、天气背景、环境条件、回波演变,研究天气尺度低空急流与边界层急流对水汽输送和沿海低层辐合的协同增强作用,探讨其中尺度对流系统触发增强机制。结果表明:此次过程降水局地性强、强度极端,雨带呈东西向分布,最大3 h降水量达323.4 mm,突破广西历史极值;高空辐散、南支槽前正涡度平流与高压脊阻挡共同维持有利环流形势;低层偏南和东南急流持续输送暖湿空气,在沿海形成强辐合区,并与高能环境叠加增强不稳定性;天气尺度低空急流与边界层急流构成“双低空急流”,持续加强南海暖湿水汽输送和沿海低层辐合。暴雨前低层高湿、低抬升凝结高度、深厚暖云层及快速增大的整层可降水量显著提高降水效率。对流系统经历触发、冷池反馈和γ中尺度涡旋增强的组织化过程。研究揭示了双低空急流通过增强水汽输送和低层辐合,并与中尺度辐合、冷池及γ中尺度涡旋共同作用,促进暖区暴雨形成和发展的机制,可为华南沿海同类暴雨的监测预报提供参考。

     

    Abstract: An extreme warm-sector rainstorm occurred over coastal Guangxi on 27 April 2026, leading to severe disasters. Using observations from S-band dual-polarization Doppler radar, wind-profiler radar, automatic weather stations, and ERA5 reanalysis data, this paper analyzes the precipitation characteristics, synoptic setting, environmental conditions, radar-echo evolution of the event. Particular attention is given to the synergistic enhancement of moisture transport and coastal low-level convergence by a synoptic-scale low-level jet and a boundary layer jet, as well as the initiation and intensification of the mesoscale convective system (MCS). The result is as follows. The rainfall was highly localized and exceptionally intense, with a maximum 3-h accumulation of 323.4 mm, setting a record for Guangxi. Upper-level divergence, positive vorticity advection ahead of the southern-branch trough, and blocking by a high pressure ridge jointly maintained a favorable synoptic environment. Persistent southerly and southeasterly low-level jets transported warm, moist air from the South China Sea and enhanced convergence along the coast. A synoptic-scale low-level jet (SLLJ) and a boundary layer jet (BLJ) formed a double-low-level-jet configuration that further strengthened moisture transport and coastal low-level convergence. Prior to convection initiation, high humidity, a low lifting condensation level (LCL), a deep warm-cloud layer, and rapidly increasing precipitable water favored high precipitation efficiency. The MCS underwent an organized evolution characterized by convection initiation, cold-pool feedback, and intensification associated with meso-γ-scale vortices. The results indicate that the double low-level jets enhanced moisture transport and low-level convergence and, together with mesoscale convergence, cold pools, and meso-γ-scale vortices, promoted the development and intensification of the extreme rainfall. These findings provide useful insights into the monitoring and forecasting similar extreme precipitation events over coastal South China.

     

/

返回文章
返回