A Review of advances on convective activities over the Tibetan Plateau over the past 40 years

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is one of the most active regions in China for convective activity, which can easily trigger heavy precipitation and disastrous weather over both the TP and downstream regions, causing significant economic losses and casualties. Therefore, it has long been a major research focus in atmospheric science. This paper reviews the research progress on convective activity over the Plateau during the past 40 years (1985-2025), including the identification and classification of convective activities over the TP, its spatiotemporal distribution and evolution, influencing factors, as well as its impact on weather and climate over the plateau and downstream regions. Based on this review, key directions for future research are outlined, aiming to provide scientific support for the monitoring, forecasting, and disaster prevention and mitigation of severe convective weather over the plateau.