Based on data from 714 national and regional weather stations, lightning observations, ERA5 reanalysis, and typhoon tracks in the Shaoxing and surrounding areas from 2017 to 2021, this study first analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of thunderstorm gale in Shaoxing and surrounding areas, classified the typical weather types of thunderstorm gale in the southern mountainous regions, and finally investigated the role of terrain in three thunderstorm gale events using convection parameters. The results indicate: (1)The spatial distribution of the average annual frequency of thunderstorm gale in Shaoxing and surrounding areas is uneven, with two obvious high incidence areas located near the southern mountainous terrain, namely the west

side of the Kuaiji Mountains and the southwest side of the Siming Mountains. (2)Thunderstorms gale in the southern mountainous areas of Shaoxing mainly occur from the afternoon to the first half of the night with significant daily peak variation from March to September and often appears in morning and the second half of the night, but rarely occurs in the plain areas in morning and the second half of the night. (3)There are three typical weather types for thunderstorms gale in the southern mountainous areas of Shaoxing: cold advection forcing category, warm advection forcing category and quasi-barotropic category. Among them, the quasi-barotropic category is the most common (66.3%), in which the subtropical high pressure plays a significant role. (4)The impact mechanism of thunderstorm gale in the southern mountains is mainly through two aspects: First, mountain terrain leads to the airflow uplift and strengthen the upward movement; Second, the existence of mountain reduces the height difference between the free convection height and the underlying surface with increasing altitude, making convection more likely to occur. However, thermal effects mainly occur in the afternoon.