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一次华北暖区暴雨的边界层环境条件分析

Analysis of boundary layer environment conditions during a warm-sector rainstorm in North China

  • 摘要: 2020年8月12—13日华北地区出现了一次区域性暴雨天气过程,分为暖区降水和锋面降水2个阶段,其中暖区降水阶段出现了低涡切变线、地形抬升和海陆低空急流3种边界层环境条件。为了解不同边界层环境条件下华北暖区强降水的发生机制,利用常规气象观测、FY-4A红外卫星云图、多普勒天气雷达、ERA5再分析、风廓线雷达等多源分析和观测资料,对本次过程的强降水演变特征、环流背景、暖区暴雨阶段3种边界层环境条件进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)本次强降水天气过程发生在副热带高压外围偏南暖湿气流背景条件下,3种不同边界层环境条件下的中尺度对流系统造成了暖区强降水。(2) 3个中尺度强降水区分别为华北中部偏南地区的螺旋雨区(Ⅰ区)、沿太行山燕山山脉西南-东北走向的带状雨区(Ⅱ区)和渤海西海岸的块状雨区(Ⅲ区)。(3)Ⅰ区边界层的低涡切变和风场辐合是诱发强降水的主要原因,强降水区位于低涡移动方向的右前侧,持续时间超过16 h,降水强度最强;Ⅱ区地形强迫抬升、地形辐合是产生强降水区的重要机制,强降水位于太行山前平原和浅山区,强降水维持6 h;Ⅲ区边界层急流配合弱的海风锋辐合是强降水发生的原因,强降水位于偏东风急流前侧的辐合区,急流维持时间较短,降水仅持续4 h。

     

    Abstract: A regional rainstorm occurred in North China from August 12 to 13 2020. This process can be divided into two stages, warm-sector rainfall and frontal rainfall. In the warm-sector rainfall stage, there were three types of boundary layer conditions, including the low-vortex shear, topographic uplift, and sea-land low-level jet. To understand the mechanism of this warm-sector rainstorm in North China, the evolution characteristics, circulation background, and the three different boundary layer conditions in the warm-sector rainfall stage during this rainstorm were analyzed, using multi-source data including the meteorological observation data, the infrared cloud image of FY-4A satellite, doppler weather radar data, ERA5 reanalysis data, and wind profile radar data. The results are as follows. (1) This rainstorm occurred in the southerly warm and humid airflow along the periphery of the subtropical high. The warm-sector rainstorm was caused by mesoscale convective systems under three different kinds of boundary layer conditions. (2) Three mesoscale rainfall centers were identified, which were the spiral rain band in central and southern North China (region Ⅰ), the band-shaped rain band along the Taihang to Yanshan Mountains lying in the southwest-northeast direction (region Ⅱ), and the block-shaped rain band along the west coast of the Bohai Sea (region Ⅲ). (3) For region Ⅰ, the low-vortex shear system and wind convergence were the key causes triggering the heavy rainfall. The heavy rainfall was located on the right front of the moving direction of the vortex, causeing a 16-hours long-persisting and intense precipitation. For region Ⅱ, the topographic lifting and convergence motions were the major causes of the heavy rain band. The intense rainfall occurred in the piedmont plains and lower areas of the Tainhang Mountain and lasted 6 hours. For region Ⅲ, the boundary layer jet combined with the convergence effects of the sea breeze front were the major causes of the heavy rainfall. Heavy rainfall was observed in the convergence zone in front of the easterly jet, which lasted for a short duration, with the rainfall only lasting 4 hours.

     

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