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广西汛期降水客观分区及其日变化时空特征

Objective partition of flood season precipitation and its spatio-temporal characteristics of diurnal variation in Guangxi

  • 摘要: 利用广西91个国家气象站2005—2022年汛期逐小时降水资料,通过K均值聚类算法将广西汛期降水客观分为Ⅰ区桂西北、Ⅱ区桂东北、Ⅲ区桂西南、Ⅳ区桂东南和Ⅴ区桂南沿海,并分析各区域前、后汛期降水日变化特征。结果表明:(1) 全区平均降水量日变化在前、后汛期存在明显差异,前汛期呈单峰型且以夜间降水为主,后汛期呈双峰型且白天降水总体较夜间偏多。(2) 汛期降水日变化特征存在地域性差异,桂西北、桂东北降水量和降水频率在前汛期呈单峰型但后汛期转变为双峰型,桂西南和桂东南在前、后汛期均呈双峰型,桂南沿海在前、后汛期均呈单峰型。(3) 随着降水持续时间增加,降水量累计值呈现先增后减趋势。平均降水量在白天基本以短持续降水过程的贡献为主,在夜间则以长持续降水过程的贡献偏大。(4)下半夜至凌晨时段强降水归因于较明显的水汽辐合和较强的辐合上升运动,下午至傍晚时段强降水则主要归因于充沛的水汽条件和较强的热力强迫作用。

     

    Abstract: Based on hourly precipitation data from 91 national stations in Guangxi during the flood season from 2005 to 2022, the precipitation during the flood season in Guangxi was objectively divided into 5 regions by using the K-means clustering algorithm, including Region I in the northwest of Guangxi, Region II in the northeast of Guangxi, Region III in the southwest of Guangxi, Region IV in the southeast of Guangxi, and Region V along the coastal areas of southern Guangxi. The diurnal variation characteristics of precipitation during the pre- and post-flood seasons in various regions were analyzed. The results are as follows. (1) There is a significant difference in the daily variation of average precipitation in the entire region between the pre- and post-flood seasons. The pre-flood season shows a unimodal pattern with mainly nighttime precipitation, while the post-flood season shows a bimodal pattern with generally more daytime precipitation than nighttime precipitation. (2) There are regional differences in the diurnal variation characteristics of precipitation in the flood season. The precipitation and frequency in northwest and northeast Guangxi show a unimodal pattern during the pre-flood season, but change to a bimodal pattern during the post-flood season. Southwest and southeast Guangxi show a bimodal pattern during the pre- and post-flood seasons, while the coastal southern Guangxi shows a unimodal pattern during both periods. (3) With increasing precipitation duration, the cumulative precipitation first increases and then decreases. The contribution of short-duration precipitation processes is predominant during the day, while long-duration precipitation processes contribute more during the night. (4) The heavy precipitation from late night to early morning is attributed to the obvious water vapor convergence and strong convergent ascending motion, while the heavy precipitation from afternoon to evening is mainly attributed to abundant water vapor conditions and strong thermal forcing.

     

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