Abstract: The acquisition of atmospheric temperature profiles is of great significance for weather forecasting and warning, as well as improving the accuracy of weather forecasts. There are various active and passive remote sensing technologies available in the field to detect it. Changes in temperature profiles significantly influence weather phenomena, especially within the troposphere. High precision remote sensing detection plays a crucial role in weather forecasting, disaster weather warning, and other related fields. This paper outlines the main methods and technologies for detecting atmospheric temperature profiles, analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of different remote sensing technologies. It then focuses on the development status of laser-based remote sensing technology for detecting atmospheric temperature profiles in the troposphere, with an examination of the advantages and technical challenges of Rayleigh high-spectral-resolution lidar and rotational Raman lidar. The detection technology of cloud temperature is explored, and the advantages of the technology combining active and passive remote sensing are highlighted for achieving high-precision, high spatiotemporal resolution, and continuous observation of tropospheric temperature profiles. Finally, the prospects of this detection technology are discussed.