Abstract: By investigating the detailed characteristics of the surface energy budget in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area to provide a scientific basis for quantifying its climatic effects, this study conducted high-resolution simulations of the summer climate (2013–2022) in the Three Gorges Reservoir area using the WRF model driven by China's first-generation global atmospheric reanalysis product (CRA-40). The model's reliability was rigorously evaluated against station observations and reanalysis data. On this basis, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of surface radiation budget and energy balance were systematically analyzed. Results demonstrate that the WRF model satisfactorily reproduces the spatiotemporal distributions of air temperature and radiation components. The model results confirm that cloud cover is a critical factor regulating surface energy distribution, reducing the all-sky surface downward shortwave radiation and net radiation by an average of 70~130 W·m⁻² and 50~100 W·m⁻², respectively, compared to clear-sky conditions. Latent heat flux dominates the surface energy partitioning, exhibiting high synchrony with net radiation variations. Both components display pronounced intra-seasonal and diurnal variations, with peak values occurring from late July to early August and during the afternoon hours. Furthermore, the reservoir water body induces a significant heat storage effect, with the heat storage flux under clear-sky midday conditions exceeding 650 W·m⁻², thereby altering the allocation of net radiation energy. This article provides an important data reference for further understanding the climate and environmental effects of the Three Gorges Project.