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2012年初浙江连阴雨天气的环流特征及其异常成因

Circulation feature and the anomalous cause of the continuous rainy weather in Zhejiang province in the beginning of 2012

  • 摘要: 利用浙江省常规气象站雨量资料、NCEP 再分析资料、海温资料、射出长波辐射(OLR)日平均场资料,对2012 年初浙江省出现的罕见阴雨寡照天气的环流特征和水汽、动力条件进行了诊断分析,并与历史同期对比,探讨海温异常对乌拉尔山阻塞高压和南海、孟加拉湾偏南风异常的影响。结果表明: 1) 乌拉尔山阻塞高压前西北气流为连阴雨产生提供了冷空气条件,南海至我国东南沿海西南暖湿气流较常年明显偏强,两者在浙江构成切变线,造成水汽辐合上升,偏强的西风急流造成高层辐散增强,辐散区高度及位置对雨势大小起主导作用。2) 热带OLR 低值区在连阴雨雨势加大前的北传现象具有一定预报意义。垂直方向上连阴雨区上升运动与北侧下沉气流形成“上暖下冷”配置,冷空气的“冷垫”作用迫使暖湿气流抬升凝结。3) 赤道中东太平洋冷海温异常和印尼附近暖海温异常使沃克环流加强,其上升气流向北输送构成连阴雨西南气流的一部分。另外,北太平洋海区海温正异常和中东太平洋海区海温负异常可能是乌拉尔山阻塞高压形成和维持的外强迫素。

     

    Abstract: Based on rainfall data of routine stations in Zhejiang, NCEP reanalysis data, sea surface temperature (SST) and daily averaged OLR data, the diagnostic analysis on the continuous rainy and sunless weather happened rarely in Zhejiang province in the beginning of 2012 is made focusing on circulation feature and moisture and dynamic conditions. Comparing with the data of the same period in the past,the influence of SST anomaly on Ural blocking high and anomalous southerly wind over the South China Sea and the bay of Bengal is also discussed in the paper. The results indicate as follows. 1) Northwest airflow in the front of the Ural blocking high offers cold air to the continuous rain.The southwest warm and wet airflow from the South China Sea to China’s southeast coast is stronger obviously than that in average years and forms a shear line together with northwest airflow mentioned above in Zhejiang leading to upward motion of vapor convergence in this area.Stronger westerly jet enhances divergence at upper level, and height and location of divergence zone play a leading role in the rain intensity.2) Northward spreading of tropical OLR low-value area before the increase of precipitation is important for forecasting. Upward flow in therainy area and downward flow in the north side of the rainy area form vertically a configuration like“warm in the upper level and cold in the low level”, and warm and wet airflow is forced to be lifted and condensed by cold air cushion. 3) The Walke circulation is strengthened by the cold SST anomaly in the middle-eastern Pacific at equator and warm SST anomaly near Indonesia. The updraft of the Walker circulation transported northward is a part of southwest airflow during the continuous rain. In addition, the SST which is positive anomaly in the north Pacific and SST which is negative anomaly in the middle-eastern Pacific are perhaps the external forcing factor for the formation and continuance of the Ural blocking high.

     

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