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梁苏洁, 程善俊, 郝立生, 段丽瑶, 杨艳娟. 2018: 1970—2015年京津冀地区暖季小时降水变化特征. 暴雨灾害, 37(2): 105-114. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9045.2018.02.002
引用本文: 梁苏洁, 程善俊, 郝立生, 段丽瑶, 杨艳娟. 2018: 1970—2015年京津冀地区暖季小时降水变化特征. 暴雨灾害, 37(2): 105-114. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9045.2018.02.002
LIANG Sujie, CHENG Shanjun, HAO Lisheng, DUAN Liyao, YANG Yanjuan. 2018: Analysis on the characteristics of hourly precipitation variations in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during 1970-2015. Torrential Rain and Disasters, 37(2): 105-114. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9045.2018.02.002
Citation: LIANG Sujie, CHENG Shanjun, HAO Lisheng, DUAN Liyao, YANG Yanjuan. 2018: Analysis on the characteristics of hourly precipitation variations in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during 1970-2015. Torrential Rain and Disasters, 37(2): 105-114. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9045.2018.02.002

1970—2015年京津冀地区暖季小时降水变化特征

Analysis on the characteristics of hourly precipitation variations in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during 1970-2015

  • 摘要: 使用京津冀地区1970—2015年暖季(5—9月) 28个国家级自动气象观测站逐日和逐时降水资料,分析了该地区暖季及其各月降水量的变化趋势与逐时降水的日变化特征。结果表明:总降水量和极端降水在暖季前期(5—6月)呈现弱的增加趋势,而在暖季中期(7—8月)呈明显的下降趋势,后期(9月)则呈较明显的增加趋势;空间分布上,前期京津冀地区西部大部分站点降水略呈增多趋势,而东北部部分站点略呈减少趋势,中期大部分站点呈减少变化,其中西北部站点减幅较大,后期各站点基本皆呈增加趋势;暖季各月降水的日变化特征为,持续性降水(持续时间在6 h以上)午夜至凌晨多发,而短时降水(持续时间小于等于6 h)主要出现在午后至傍晚,且受气温逐月变化影响,午后短时降水在暖季前期较弱、中期增强、后期再次减弱;暖季前期午后短时降水事件次数增多,午后短时降水多因对流活动产生,有利于极端小时降水强度增大;暖季中期夜间至凌晨的累积降水量在1997年以来明显减少,而午后短时降水事件的降水量减少主要是降水事件次数减少造成的;2000年代初以来,暖季后期降水明显增多,夜间至凌晨持续性降水事件强度和次数都在增加,其中降水强度引起的雨量增量对降水量增加贡献更大。

     

    Abstract: Using the daily and hourly precipitation data at 28 national automatic weather stations over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in warm season between May and September during 1970-2015, we have analyzed the variation trend and the daily variation characteristics of precipitation. The results show that the trend of total precipitation amount and extreme precipitation at most of the stations have increased weakly in prophase (May and June), decreased evidently in metaphase (July and August), and increased evidently in telophase (September). Also, it is found that most of the stations locating in west part of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region show increasing trends of total precipitation amount and extreme precipitation, while a few stations locating in northeast part have decreasing trends in prophase. And most of the stations have decreasing trends in metaphase, especially those locating in northwest part. However, almost all of the stations have increasing trends in telophase. The following are the main characteristics of the daily variations of monthly precipitation in warm season. The long-duration rainfall events that last longer than 6 hours occur frequently in the late night to early morning, while the short duration rainfall events of 1-6 hours in duration mainly occurs in the afternoon to evening and is affected by monthly temperature changes. Short duration rainfall events in afternoon weaken in prophase, increase in metaphase and weaken again in telophase. In prophase of warm season, short duration rainfall events in afternoon, that is more related to convective precipitation, increases in frequency, which is advantageous to strengthening of hourly extreme precipitation. In metaphase of warm season, nocturnal accumulated precipitation has decreased significantly since 1997. The decrease of precipitation amount of short duration rainfall events in afternoon is mainly caused by the decrease of precipitation events. However, precipitation amount in telophase of warm season has increased significantly since early 2000s. The intensity and frequency of long-duration precipitation events increased at night to early morning, in which rainfall increment due to precipitation intensity contributes more to precipitation increase.

     

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