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1961—2018年粤港澳大湾区气候变化分析

Analysis of climate change in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 1961 to 2018

  • 摘要: 气候变化对区域经济的发展有重大影响。粤港澳大湾区是中国经济活力最强的区域之一,认识大湾区的气候变化规律是科学应对气候变化的基础。利用1961-2018年大湾区26个气象观测站的气温、降水量和日照时数资料,采用趋势分析、Mann-Kendall突变分析等方法分析了大湾区的气候变化特征。结果表明:1961-2018年,大湾区观测站气温、降水量和日照时数的一致性变化是其最主要的特征,近58 a来大湾区年平均气温以0.22℃·(10 a)-1的升温速率显著上升,高于广东省同期升温速率0.18℃·(10 a)-1,低于中国、亚洲同期升温速率。顺德、番禺、斗门、深圳、广州、南海是大湾区年平均气温上升最明显的地区,而惠东、澳门、增城相对升温最低。近58 a大湾区年降水量变化趋势不明显,年日照时数以60.1 h·(10 a)-1的速率显著减少,减少速率远高于同期广东省平均和中国平均。1961-2018年广州年降水量增加明显,而香港、澳门变化不明显。

     

    Abstract: Climate change has a major impact on the development of the regional economy. Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is one of the regions with the strongest economic vitality in China; understanding the climate change patterns in the Greater Bay Area is the basis for addressing issues associated with climate change. Base on temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours data at 26 meteorological observation stations during 1961-2018 in the Greater Bay Area, the characteristics of climate change in the Greater Bay Area were analyzed by trend analysis, mutation analysis and so on. The results show that the consistent change among stations are their main feature for temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours in the Greater Bay Area stations from 1961 to 2018. The annual average temperature in the Greater Bay Area increased significantly at a heating rate of 0.22℃·(10 a)-1 in the past 58 years. It is higher than the heating rate for Guangdong Province (0.18℃·(10 a)-1, which is lower than the heating rate in China and Asia. Shunde, Panyu, Doumen, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Nanhai are the most obvious areas where the annual average temperature rises in the Greater Bay Area, while Huidong, Macao and Zengcheng have the lowest temperature rise. The trend of annual precipitation in the Greater Bay Area is not obvious in the recent 58 years. The annual sunshine hours decreased significantly at a rate of 60.1 h/10 a, which was much higher than the average for Guangdong Province and for average over China. The annual precipitation in Guangzhou increased significantly, while the changes in Hong Kong and Macao were not obvious from 1951 to 2018.

     

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