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2014年2月4—7日河南暴雪过程的环流特征及其持续原因

The circulation features and sustaining mechanism of a snowstorm event occurred in Henan from February 4 to 7 in2014

  • 摘要: 利用常规观测资料、地面自动站资料、NCEP 1°×1°间隔6 h 再分析资料、云顶亮温(TBB)资料以及多普勒天气雷达资料,对2014 年2 月4—7 日河南省大范围暴雪过程的环流特征及其持续原因进行了分析。在此基础上,总结出此次暴雪过程的三维空间结构特征。结果表明: 河套地区低槽东移发展配合近地层冷空气活动,有利于冷暖气流在黄淮地区交汇,是暴雪发生的大尺度环流背景,干冷东北急流与强盛暖湿急流在暴雪区交汇,为暴雪提供了有利的水汽和动力条件;从卫星云图和雷达回波变化特征看,暴雪发生在TBB≤-30 ℃的冷云团边缘等值线梯度最大处,雷达回波的移动与强度变化与降雪落区和强度实况相吻合;持续的水汽辐合为暴雪提供了充沛的水汽条件;干冷空气从低层南下导致暖湿气流抬升形成强烈上升运动,两支干冷下沉气流在对流层中层(600—400 hPa)形成明显干层,致使底层形成饱和层,导致大量能量堆积;冷暖空气交汇处出现明显锋生,形成垂直于锋面的次级环流,导致上升运动进一步增强,对暴雪维持和发展具有重要作用。

     

    Abstract: Based on conventional observations, surface data from automatic weather station, NCEP 6-hourly reanalysis data with 1°×1° resolution,the blackbody equivalent temperature (TBB) data and Doppler weather radar data, we discuss the circulation features and sustaining mechanism of a snowstorm event occurred in Henan from February 4 to 7 in 2014, and then summarize the three-dimensional spatial structure of influence systems concerned in this event. The results show that the eastward moving trough in the Hetao regions, associated with the southward moving cold air near the ground, is favorable for the cold and warm air to meet in the Huanghe-Huaihe regions, which provides a large-scale background circulation for the occurrence of snowstorm. In addition, the converging of the dry and cold northeast jet and the strong warm and humid southwest jet in the snowstorm zone provides the beneficial water vapor and dynamical conditions for the occurrence of snowstorm. It can be found in the radar echo charts and satellite images that the snowstorm occurred at the place of the maximum gradient of lower than -30℃ TBB in the edge of cold cloud clusters. The movement and intensity changes of radar echoes correspond well with the distribution and intensity of snowstorm. The sustained vapor convergence provides abundant moisture for snowstorm. Strong ascending movement is induced by the uplift of warm and humid air pushed by the southward moving dry an cold air. A significant dry layer in the middle troposphere(600-400 hPa) is formed by two branches of dry and cold downdraft, which result in the formation of saturated layer in the low level and the accumulation of large amounts of energy. Significant frontogenesis emerges in the meeting place of cold and warm air masses. The secondary circulation that is perpendicular to front is formed, and then upward motion is furter strengthened, which plays an important role on the continuance and development of snowstorm.

     

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