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严红梅, 梁亮, 黄艳, 刘学华, 钱华峰, 史瑞琴. 2019: 金华地区18次冰雹天气的大气环境与雷达回波特征分析. 暴雨灾害, 38(1): 48-58. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9045.2019.01.006
引用本文: 严红梅, 梁亮, 黄艳, 刘学华, 钱华峰, 史瑞琴. 2019: 金华地区18次冰雹天气的大气环境与雷达回波特征分析. 暴雨灾害, 38(1): 48-58. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9045.2019.01.006
YAN Hongmei, LIANG Liang, HUANG Yan, LIU Xuehua, QIAN Huafeng, SHI Ruiqin. 2019: Study on the atmospheric environment and radar echo characteristics of 18 hail events in JinHua. Torrential Rain and Disasters, 38(1): 48-58. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9045.2019.01.006
Citation: YAN Hongmei, LIANG Liang, HUANG Yan, LIU Xuehua, QIAN Huafeng, SHI Ruiqin. 2019: Study on the atmospheric environment and radar echo characteristics of 18 hail events in JinHua. Torrential Rain and Disasters, 38(1): 48-58. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9045.2019.01.006

金华地区18次冰雹天气的大气环境与雷达回波特征分析

Study on the atmospheric environment and radar echo characteristics of 18 hail events in JinHua

  • 摘要: 利用MICAPS、多普勒雷达资料和中尺度气象资料,统计了近9 a来金华地区共18次冰雹个例,并对其形成的天气学机制和雷达回波特征进行了分析研究。结果表明:(1)金华地区的冰雹天气型分为西风槽型和副热带高压影响型两类,年际高发时段集中在春季和盛夏,日际则集中在午后。(2)对流有效位能和风垂直切变是影响该区域冰雹产生的重要因子,夏季冰雹大多产生在高能弱切变环境下,春季冰雹大多产生在低能强切变环境下,大冰雹多出现在高能环境下,极易出现在高能且中等以上切变环境中。(3)冰雹发生前大气的水汽含量较高,整层大气可降水量(PWV)的平均值可达40.8 mm,而湿球温度0℃层则适宜。(4)冰雹单体生命史均超过1 h,0.5°仰角最大反射率因子值超过60 dBz;冰雹云风暴顶高分布与回波顶高度分布一致,且具有较明显的季节变化。(5)单体的垂直累积液态水含量(VIL)先增后降,中间至少有一次跃增过程,其最大值出现后的突降时间与降雹时间基本一致;强天气概率(SWP)产品相对冰雹出现有12~160 min不等的提前量。

     

    Abstract: Using micaps data, Doppler radar data and mesoscale meteorological data, etc, eighteen hail events occurred in Jinhua area during 9 years were analyzed. The results showed that:(1) the weather types of hail in Jinhua can be classified into two types, i.e., westerly trough type and subtropical high type. The annual high occurrence time is concentrated in spring and summer, while the diurnal peak is concentrated in the afternoon. (2) The convective available potential energy and wind vertical shear are two important factors for hail generation. Hail in summer mostly occurred in high energy and weak wind shear environment. Hail in spring mostly occurred in the low energy and strong wind shear environment. Large hail occurred in high energy environment, especially in the high energy and medium shear environment. (3) The moisture content of the atmosphere before the occurrence of hail is very high. The average value of PWV can reach 40.8 mm, and level of wet blub zero is appropriate. (4) The lifetime of hail is more than 1 hour, and the maximum radar base reflectivity is above 60 dBz. The distribution of storm top height of hailstorm cloud is consistent with that of echo top height, and has an obvious seasonal variation. (5) VIL (storm cell) of hail storm increases first and then decreases, with at least one jump in the middle. The sudden drop time after the maximum value is basically the same as the hail time. Strong weather probability (SWP) product is ahead 12~160 min of hail.

     

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