Recent advances in the research of heavy rain associated with vortices and shear lines come from the Tibetan Plateau

The low weather system over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays a very important role in the heavy rainfall of the eastern China in summer, the symbiosis between the Tibetan Plateau vortex (TPV) and the Tibetan Plateau shear line (TPSL) is one common phenomena, it is called as vortex-shear rainstorm by forecaster. We review the research history and new progresses of the TPVs and TPSLs induced heavy rainfall, mainly discuss some scientific problems such as artificial-intelligence applications, synoptic diagnostic calculation, dynamic theory and numerical model in the study of relationship between TPSL and TPV, interaction process and mechanism induced heavy rain. According to the latest research achievement of and the new trends of related theoretical method and technical tool in the study of vortex-shear rainstorm, we propose several notable new research directions in the field of this study. At present, there are still great divergences in the understanding of the relationship between these two types of low systems with different geometrical shapes but similar physical attributes. The physical mechanism of their interaction leading to high-impact weather processes is not very clear, and the differences between climatological statistical results of TPVs and TPSLs are quite obvious. Therefore, the in-depth exploration and cross-development of this research field not only has important scientific significance for promoting the theoretical development of weather and climate impacts on the TP, but also has higher values of application and generalization for improving the operational ability of disaster weather and climate in the plateau and downstream areas.