Analysis of the Characteristic of Liquid Water and Water Vapor Detected by Ground-based Microwave Radiometer

The liquid water and water vapor are important to the study of disastrous weather. High temporal and spatial resolution data of liquid water and water vapor can be obtained by ground-based microwave radiometer. Using the microwave radiometer data in 3 stations of Hubei,the temporal and spatial variations of water vapor and liquid water content retrieved by microwave radiometer are analyzed. Precipitable water vapor (PWV) obtained by microwave radiometer is firstly compared with the radiosonde observation, and the result shows that there is a good correlation between them with relatively small bias. In general, the vapor density (VD) decreases with height, and the vapor density below 2 km in rainy condition is lower compare with that in cloudy condition. The liquid water content (LWC) firstly increases with height and then decreases, and the peak is larger in rainy condition than in cloudy condition. A clear diurnal variation of PWV is found in the rainy condition,with a character of“one peak and one valley”. The integrated liquid water (ILW) is volatile at night and has the peak value after midday. The ILW of JingZhou is significantly lower than that of WuHan and XianNing as water vapor is difficult to condense with the influence of terrain.In autumn and winter, the ILW in XianNing is higher than that in JingZhou and WuHan. The water vapor accumulates mainly below 2 km and condenses around 4 km height when precipitation.